Alan Alda

Alan Alda (; born Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo; January 28, 1936) is an American actor, screenwriter, and director. A six-time Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award winner, he is best known for playing Captain Benjamin "Hawkeye" Pierce in the war comedy-drama television series ''M*A*S*H'' (1972–1983). He also wrote and directed numerous episodes of the series.

Alda is also known for recurring roles on television series, such as ''The West Wing'' and ''Ray Donovan'', and received critical acclaim for his appearances in films such as '' Same Time, Next Year'' (1978) alongside Ellen Burstyn and for his directorial debut film '' The Four Seasons'' (1981). Other film appearances include ''Crimes and Misdemeanors'' (1989), '' Flirting with Disaster'' (1996), the Cold War drama '' Bridge of Spies'' (2015), and ''Marriage Story'' (2019). In 2004, Alda was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in '' The Aviator''. Alda has also received three Tony Award nominations for his Broadway performances in ''The Apple Tree'' (1967), '' Jake's Women'' (1992), and '' Glengarry Glen Ross'' (2005). In 2019, Alda received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award.

Early life

Alda was born Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo on January 28, 1936, in the Bronx, New York City. Alda spent his childhood with his parents travelling around the United States in support of his father's job as a performer in burlesque theatres. His father Robert Alda (born Alfonso Giuseppe Giovanni Roberto D'Abruzzo) was an actor and singer, and his mother Joan Browne was a homemaker and former beauty-pageant winner. His father was of Italian descent (D' Abruzzo is a toponymic surname) and his mother was of Irish ancestry. His adopted surname, Alda, is a portmanteau. To combat the disease, his parents administered a painful treatment regimen developed by Sister Elizabeth Kenny, consisting of applying hot woollen blankets to his limbs and stretching his muscles. Alda attended Archbishop Stepinac High School in White Plains, New York.Stated on ''Inside the Actors Studio'', 2000 He studied English at Fordham University in the Bronx, where he was a student staff member of its FM radio station, WFUV. During Alda's junior year, he studied in Paris, acted in a play in Rome, and performed with his father on television in Amsterdam.

In 1956, Alda received his Bachelor of Arts degree. A member of the ROTC, he entered the United States Army Reserve and served for a year at Fort Benning, then six months as a gunnery officer in Korea. In a 2013 interview, Alda joked that he was actually in charge of a mess tent.

Alda's half-brother Antony Alda was born in 1956 and also became an actor.

Career

Early acting

Alda began his career in the 1950s, as a member of the Compass Players, an improvisational, comedy revue directed by Paul Sills. He later became a member of the improvisational group Second City in Chicago. He joined the acting company at the Cleveland Play House during the 1958–1959 season as part of a grant from the Ford Foundation, appearing in productions such as ''To Dorothy a Son'', ''Heaven Come Wednesday'', ''Monique'', and ''Job''. In 1958 Alda appeared as Carlyle Thompson III on ''The Phil Silvers Show'' in the episode titled "Bilko the Art Lover". In the November 1964 world premiere at the ANTA Playhouse of the stage version of ''The Owl and The Pussycat'', he played Felix the "Owl" opposite the "Pussycat" which was played by actress/singer Diana Sands. He continued to play Felix the "Owl" for the 1964-65 Broadway season. In 1966, he starred in the musical ''The Apple Tree'' on Broadway, with Barbara Harris. He was nominated for the Tony Award as Best Actor in a Musical for that role.

Alda said he became a Mainer in 1957 when he played at the Kennebunkport Playhouse.

Alda was part of the cast, along with David Frost, Henry Morgan and Buck Henry, of the American television version of ''That Was The Week That Was'', which ran as a series from January 10, 1964, to May 1965. He made his Hollywood acting debut as a supporting player in ''Gone Are the Days!'' – a film version of the Broadway play ''Purlie Victorious'', which co-starred Ruby Dee and her husband, Ossie Davis. Other film roles followed, such as his portrayal of author, humorist, and actor George Plimpton in the film ''Paper Lion'' (1968), as well as ''The Extraordinary Seaman'' (1969), and the occult-murder-suspense thriller ''The Mephisto Waltz'', with actresses Jacqueline Bisset and Barbara Parkins''. He also appeared as a panelist on ''I've Got a Secret'' during its 1972 syndication revival.

Alda also wrote several of the stories and poems that appeared in Marlo Thomas' television show '' Free to Be... You and Me''.

1972–1983: ''M*A*S*H''

In early 1972, Alda auditioned for and was selected to play the role of Hawkeye Pierce in the TV adaptation of the 1970 film ''M*A*S*H''. He was nominated for 21 Emmy Awards, and won five. He took part in writing 19 episodes, including the 1983 2.5-hour series finale "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen", which was also the 32nd episode he directed. It remains the single most-watched episode of any American broadcast network television series. Alda was the only series regular to appear in all 256 episodes.

Alda commuted from Los Angeles to his home in New Jersey every weekend for 11 years while starring in ''M*A*S*H''. His wife and daughters lived in New Jersey and he did not want to move his family to Los Angeles, initially because he did not know how long the show would last.

Alda's father, Robert Alda, and half-brother Antony Alda appeared together in the 20th episode of season eight of ''M*A*S*H'', "Lend a Hand". Robert had previously appeared in "The Consultant" in season three.

During the first five seasons of the series, the tone of ''M*A*S*H'' was largely that of a traditional "service comedy", in the vein of shows such as ''McHale's Navy''. However, as the original writers gradually left the series, Alda gained increasing control, and by the final seasons had become a producer and creative consultant. Under his watch, ''M*A*S*H'' retained its comedic foundation, but gradually assumed a somewhat more serious tone, openly addressing political issues. As a result, the 11 years of ''M*A*S*H'' are generally split into two eras: the Larry Gelbart/Gene Reynolds "comedy" years (1972–1977), and the Alan Alda "dramatic" years (1977–1983). Alda disagreed with this assessment. In a 2016 interview he stated, "I don't like to write political messages. I don't like plays that have political messages. I do not think I am responsible for that."

Alda and his co-stars Wayne Rogers and McLean Stevenson worked well together during the first three seasons, but over time tensions developed as Alda's role grew in popularity and disrupted the original 'equal' standing of their characters. Rogers and Stevenson both left the show at the end of the third season. Anticipating the fourth season, Alda and the producers sought a replacement actor for the surrogate parent role embodied in the character Colonel Blake. They found veteran actor Harry Morgan, a fan of the series who starred as Colonel Sherman T. Potter, a character who carried on as one of the show's lead protagonists. Mike Farrell was introduced as Hawkeye's new tentmate BJ Hunnicutt.

In his 1981 autobiography, Jackie Cooper (who directed several early episodes) wrote that Alda concealed a lot of hostility beneath the surface, and that the two of them barely spoke to each other by the time Cooper's directing of ''M*A*S*H'' ended.

During his ''M*A*S*H'' years, Alda made several game-show appearances, most notably in ''The $10,000 Pyramid'' and as a frequent panelist on ''What's My Line?'' and '' To Tell the Truth''. He also wrote and starred, in the title role, in the 1979 political drama film ''The Seduction of Joe Tynan.''

His favorite episodes of ''M*A*S*H'' are " Dear Sigmund" and "In Love and War".

In 1996, Alda was ranked 41st on ''TV Guide''s 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.

Writing and directing credits

The following is a list of ''M*A*S*H'' episodes written and/or directed by Alda.

1980s

Alda's prominence in ''M*A*S*H'' provided him a platform to speak out on political topics. He has been a strong and vocal supporter of women's rights and the feminist movement. He co-chaired, with former First Lady Betty Ford, the Equal Rights Amendment Countdown campaign. In 1976, ''The Boston Globe'' dubbed him "the quintessential Honorary Woman: a feminist icon" for his activism on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Alda played Nobel Prize–winning physicist Richard Feynman in the play '' QED'', which had only one other character. Although Peter Parnell wrote the play, Alda both produced and inspired it. Alda has also appeared frequently in the films of Woody Allen, and was a guest star five times on '' ER'', playing Dr. Kerry Weaver's mentor, Gabriel Lawrence. During the later episodes, Lawrence was revealed to be in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Alda also had a co-starring role as Dr. Robert Gallo in the 1993 TV movie ''And the Band Played On''.

During ''M*A*S*H''s run and continuing through the 1980s, Alda embarked on a successful career as a writer and director, with the ensemble dramedy, '' The Four Seasons'' being perhaps his most notable hit. '' Betsy's Wedding'' is his last directing credit to date. After ''M*A*S*H'', Alda took on a series of roles that either parodied or directly contradicted his "nice guy" image. He then partnered with producer Martin Bregman on various films, first with an agreement at Universal Pictures in 1983, then it was moved to Lorimar Motion Pictures in 1986.

1990s

Alda has frequently appeared in the films of his friend, Woody Allen, including ''Crimes and Misdemeanors'' (1989), ''Manhattan Murder Mystery'' (1993) and ''Everyone Says I Love You'' (1996). When asked about the controversy surrounding Allen in 2019, Alda stated, "I'd work with him again if he wanted me. I'm not qualified to judge him... I just don't have enough information to convince me I shouldn't work with him. And he's an enormously talented guy."

From the fall season of 1993 until the show ended in 2005, Alda was the host for '' Scientific American Frontiers'', which began on PBS in 1990.

In 1995, he starred as the President of the United States in Michael Moore's political satire/comedy film ''Canadian Bacon''. Around this time, rumors circulated that Alda was considering running for the United States Senate in New Jersey, but he denied this. In 1996, Alda played Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, in ''Camping With Henry and Tom'', based on the book by Mark St. Germain and appeared in the comedy film, '' Flirting with Disaster''. In 1997 Alda played National Security Adviser Alvin Jordan In ''Murder at 1600''. In 1999, Alda portrayed Dr. Gabriel Lawrence in NBC program '' ER'' for five episodes and was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series.

Alda starred in the original Broadway production of the play ''Art'', which opened on March 1, 1998, at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre. The play won the Tony Award for Best Play.

2000s

Beginning in 2004, Alda was a regular cast member on the NBC program ''The West Wing'', portraying California Republican U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Arnold Vinick, until the show's conclusion in May 2006. He made his premiere in the sixth season's eighth episode, "In The Room", and was added to the opening credits with the 13th episode, "King Corn". In August 2006, Alda won an Emmy for his portrayal of Vinick in the final season of ''The West Wing''. Alda appeared in a total of 28 episodes during the show's sixth and seventh seasons. Alda had been a serious candidate, along with Sidney Poitier, for the role of President Josiah Bartlet before Martin Sheen was ultimately cast in the role.

In 2004, Alda portrayed conservative Maine Senator Owen Brewster in Martin Scorsese's Academy Award-winning film '' The Aviator'', in which he co-starred with Leonardo DiCaprio. Alda received his first Academy Award nomination for this role in 2005.

Alda also had a part in the 2000 romantic comedy ''What Women Want'', as the CEO of the advertising firm where the main characters worked.

In early 2005, Alda starred as Shelly Levene in the Tony Award-winning Broadway revival of David Mamet's '' Glengarry Glen Ross'', for which he received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play. Throughout 2009 and 2010, he appeared in three episodes of '' 30 Rock'' as Milton Greene, the biological father of Jack Donaghy, played by Alec Baldwin. In January 2010, Alda hosted ''The Human Spark'', a three-part series originally broadcast on PBS discussing the nature of human uniqueness and recent studies on the human brain.

In 2006, Alda contributed his voice to a part in the audio book of Max Brooks' ''World War Z''. In this book, he voiced Arthur Sinclair, Jr., the director of the United States government's fictional Department of Strategic Resources (DeStRes).

2010s

Alda returned to Broadway in November 2014, playing the role of Andrew Makepeace in the revival of ''Love Letters'' at the Brooks Atkinson Theater alongside Candice Bergen.

In 2015, Alda appeared as a lawyer, Thomas Watters, alongside Tom Hanks as James Donovan, in Steven Spielberg's critically acclaimed cold war drama film '' Bridge of Spies'' which received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture.

In 2016, Alda gained critical praise for his performance in Louis C.K.'s acclaimed web-based series ''Horace and Pete'' as the irascible Uncle Pete. IndieWire critic Sam Adams described as "his best role in years". In regards to C.K.'s recent scandal, Alda stated, "I respect Louis so much as an artist. But he did a terrible thing, and I hope he finds a way to come to terms with both of those things."

Also in 2016, Alda took part in the opening night show of John Mulaney and Nick Kroll's '' Oh, Hello'' at the Lyceum Theatre on Broadway. The show is said to be inspired by "two old men at the Strand buying a copy of Alda's book". Before bringing Alda onstage, Mulaney said, "This is genuinely the best guest we ever had."

In 2018, Alda began portraying psychiatrist Dr. Arthur Amiot in Season 6 of Showtime's ''Ray Donovan''.

In 2019, Alda appeared in Noah Baumbach's thirteenth film, ''Marriage Story'', as a warm-hearted lawyer who represents a stage director (Adam Driver) during the divorce proceedings. In an interview with ''The Wall Street Journal'', Alda discussed the effects of his illness, mainly Parkinson's disease, and other related issues. He stated, "I have this tremor. It's not part of the script so I didn't want it to be distracting if Noah thought it would be distracting." Alda has received widespread acclaim for his performance.

Charitable works

Alda has done extensive charity work. He helped narrate a 2005 St. Jude Children's Hospital-produced one-hour special TV show ''Fighting for Life''. His wife, Arlene, and he are also close friends of Marlo Thomas, who is very active in fund-raising for the hospital that her father, Danny Thomas founded. The television special featured Ben Bowen as one of six patients being treated for childhood cancer at Saint Jude. Alda and Marlo Thomas had also worked together in the early 1970s on a critically acclaimed children's album entitled '' Free to Be You and Me'', which featured Alda, Thomas, and a number of other well-known character actors. This project remains one of the earliest public signs of his support of women's rights. Alda chaired "Men for the Equal Rights Amendment" and was appointed to the International Women's Year Commission.

Communicating science

For 14 years, he served as the host of '' Scientific American Frontiers'', a television show that explored cutting-edge advances in science and technology. In 2010, he became a visiting professor at Stony Brook University. In 2009, he was a founder of the university's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. He continues as a member of its advisory board. He is also on the advisory board of the Future of Life Institute. He serves on the board of the World Science Festival and is a judge for Math-O-Vision.

Alda also has an avid interest in cosmology, and participated in BBC
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